Archive for Marketing Funnel

When I start talking about speeding up the sales cycle the initial reaction is that the sales cycle is controlled by the customer and there is just not much we can do about that. I usually counter with, most companies understand that there is an average sales cycle time and if we just agree that there is than there is room for improvement.

My next discussion point is asking, can you describe the typical sales cycle based on the decision making criteria of your customer. At this point, I am again met with resistance saying that they are all different. I once again counter with let’s just take empirical view of a well-known market segment or even if we have to a well-known customer who we would consider “typical.” I do not do this too intentionally classify a customer as average or typical but to establish a base line on how we respond to our customers’ needs.

With that being said, I next ask what the average deviation from the sales cycle is there and if there are common decision making steps that get added or subtracted when this happens. That highlights the variability and creates awareness on how little active management of the process is going on. Further discussion generates reasons for excessive wait times by both parties and considerable rework that we call “fine tuning”.

Why change this? In my experience, the longer the process the more likely the criteria will change as a result of other influences rather than the actual need changing. The length of time does not necessarily equate to a better choice. The choice is based on the conditions, the influencers, the knowledge and if the problem increases substantially. The objective is not to have the customer buy your product.

The objective is for the customer to make the best informed and knowledgeable decision possible. The fundamental goals of your sales cycle should be one of discovery, learning and adaptability with a shared responsibility for a successful outcome. Your ability to generate the required knowledge effectively and efficiently in your customer decision making process will ultimately make you the preferred supplier. The question of course is how do you do that?

In most cases, unless you have already mapped your process (Value Stream Mapping), you will have cycle times that are highly variable and more than likely long. Developing a more consistent pattern with less variability will allow sales teams and customers to develop a higher degree of trust in each other.

One way of reducing cycle time is to create faster feedback loops. First, take one of the stages of the customer decision making process and break it down into multiple loops or cycles. Prioritize the loops and define the work that needs to be done within the first cycle through the use of a user story. The result of this is that you generate fast feedback by offering the customer smaller parcels of information to see if you are on the correct path or gain buy-in of a smaller step of the process.

Early customer feedback results in a better focus on the problem. As a result less work is done on superfluous tasks and more work is done on the required objectives. Little waste is generated because the feedback is so quick that obvious deviations are discarded.

Faster feedback can result in increased quality. There are number of reasons for this. Shorter cycles result in better fit since the feedback can be gathered and applied frequently. Also, faster feedback means that the team can minimize the work required to meet the objectives. Less rework is required (you are constantly tweaking) and this is very advantageous when compared to large time consuming proposals that are many times generated.

Another advantage of this process is that you only do the iterations that are you are comfortable doing. You don’t have to start every task in order. The flexibility of being able to put off some decisions to the last possible moment does not distract from the overall objective. By doing other cycles first, you will have increased knowledge of the cycle that will add better definition to the most difficult tasks.

Putting order into your sales cycle you will find that most of the time spent before is waiting on decisions or task that others are doing. Wait time is significantly reduced because of the smaller cycles are much easier to complete and easier handoffs are created which may simplify the task of others.

Working on the basics, makes a difference. To improve your football team, you need to work on blocking and tackling. To improve your sales cycle, you need to work on your feedback loops.

Related Information:
The Role of PDCA in a Lean Sales and Marketing Cycle
The Little PDCA Sales Loop
The 7 step Lean Process of Marketing to Toyota
Marketing Kanban: Marketing Kanban
Value Stream Mapping

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These five terms form a hierarchy of value in which data have the least value and wisdom
has the most. I first ran across a similar description in the The Experience Economy an article published in 1998 by Joe Pine which I discussed in the blog post, Does your Value Proposition speak of the Customer Experience?. Though this chart has taken a fair amount of abuse over the years, I like it because it plainly depicts the hierarchy of what a customer is willing to pay for and therefore the customer’s perceived value.

In the book, Idealized Design the authors used a similar hierarchy for the key terms involved in describing organizational learning. They are as follows:

  • Data consist of symbols that represent the properties of objects and events. They have little value until they have been processed into information Data are to information as iron or is to iron. Little can be done with iron ore until it is processed into iron.
  • Information consists of data that has been processed to be useful. It is contained in descriptions, answers to question beginning with such words as what, who, when, when, and how many.
  • Knowledge is contained in instructions, answers to how-to questions.
  • Understanding is contained in explanations, answers to the why questions.
  • Wisdom is concerned with the value of outcomes, effectiveness, whereas the other four types of mental content are concerned with efficiency. Efficiency is concerned with doing things right; effectiveness is concerned with doing the right thing.

Looks like a marketing funnel. Your budget probably looks the same way. You spend the vast majority of your marketing resources (time and money) on data or noise which may be the more appropriate term. I tend to believe a larger investment spent in understanding and wisdom will reap greater rewards.

It at first is counterintuitive. But when you think about it – an increase in knowledge, understanding about your customers and wisdom that your customers impart on you turns into:

  • Upsells
  • Referrals
  • Word of mouth,
  • PR Opportunities
  • Innovation

Just by the nature of the process, it should make you more effective and efficient. It goes back to the Pareto Principle or as Dr. Juran put it, “identify the vital few and the useful many,” in practice leave the top of the funnel (useful many) for automation, website sales, etc. Invest the majority of your resources (time and money) in the vital few. Work on delighting that segment of your business as Steven Deming, author of The Leader’s Guide to Radical Management writes Is Delighting your Customer Profitable?

One of the areas that we find out through better knowledge and understanding of our customers is the mistakes we are making as an organization. In the marketing sense, that blurriness of customer and marketing identification becomes much more apparent. The important critical to quality factors that are important to them and make them choose us drives our internal improvement efforts. Just as importantly, since we have a better relationship with the prospects/customers at the bottom of the funnel, we find out what mistakes and why others were chosen. This will help us tremendously to evaluate our shortcomings and improve on them.

Choosing this perspective will probably reduce the size of the opening of your funnel. However which end of the funnel is important to you?

Related Information:
Kill the Sales and Marketing Funnel
Why does sales and marketing operate to a different quality standard?
The Future of Marketing is Lean
Why Lean Marketing? Because it is the Future of Marketing …
PDCA for Lean Marketing, Knowledge Creation
Lean Marketing Creates Knowledge for the Customer

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David Skok, a five time serial entrepreneur turned VC, at Matrix Partners presented this at a HubSpot Webinar last week together with Mike Volpe, the VP of Marketing at HubSpot.This video is 60 minutes long and well worth the time. A little promotional for Hubspot but in my opinion Hubspot is a quality product and worthy of the promotion.

This is one of the closest presentations that resembles the basic “mechanical” process that I discuss in the Lean Marketing Process. I think David’s presentation solidifies many of my thoughts about marketing, we just have a slightly different use of terminology. however, the one thing that is missing is the culture aspect and the development of a problem solving culture. That culture of Continuous Improvement, Kaizen that leads to Knowledge Creation is the “Lean” part of the equation that so many people miss.

An introduction to Building the Sales and Marketing Machine from David’ website forEntrepreneurs.com:

Building a Sales and Marketing Machine is a structured methodology for designing and reviewing your customer acquisition process. It stresses the idea that the only right way to build a sales and marketing process is to design it around your customers (customer-centric). Although this is obvious, it turns out to be radically different to the way most companies have designed their processes, which is based on what they want to happen (i.e.company-centric). Most of the time company-centric processes will now work as well as hoped, it will be because they failed to take into consideration the customer’s concerns and motivations.

This methodology will help you grow sales by addressing the following specific issues:

  • Ensure your process is Customer-Centric (as opposed to company-centric)
  • Design a process that is scalable, optimized and efficient
  • Provide you with clear instrumentation showing what is working, and what is not
  • Provide you with a clear understanding of what levers you can pull to grow sales
  • Identify bottlenecks, and show you how to resolve them
  • Lower the cost of customer acquisition
  • Ensure that Marketing is correctly aligned with Sales, and directly helping to close business
  • How to grow lead flow using the latest web marketing techniques

Related Information:
Lean Sales and Marketing PDF
PDCA for Lean Marketing, Knowledge Creation
Has Knowledge Management disguised itself as Lean Marketing?
PDCA for Lean Marketing, Knowledge Creation

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Feb
04

Kill the Sales and Marketing Funnel

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The Sales and Marketing Funnel is a theory that needs to be laid to rest. A linear approach to predict, plan, and proceed is a precarious way to advance. This approach prematurely foresees a solution for the customer without ever understanding their problem. And if you consider addressing the application of social media, it does nothing to support inbound marketing. As we work our way down the funnel, it is just as likely evidence will mount that the proposed solution is wrong. However, we have so much invested we attempt to sway the course of action in our favor.  Linear planning will increase the risk for a customer to engage in an inappropriate course of action.

A more correct way of customer introduction is utilizing a problem solving cycle such as PDCA (Deming/Shewart – Plan/Do/Check/Act Cycle). PDCA should be repeatedly implemented in spirals of increasing knowledge of the customer’s situation and converge towards the correct solution. Each cycle will become closer to this goal than the previous. This approach is based on the belief that both our customer and our knowledge and skills may be limited at the beginning but continuously improving.

It is very common as a customer goes through a decision making process that their minds will change. At the start of a project, key information may not be known. The PDCA provides feedback to justify our hypotheses and increase our knowledge. This allows both the customer and us not to be perfect the first time. It allows us flexibility in our course of action and with improved knowledge, we (also meaning the customer) may choose to refine or alter the needs. The rate of change or the speed of the improvement is a key competitive factor in today’s world. PDCA allows for major jumps in performance not through massive breakthroughs but through frequent small improvements.

Another approach recently popularized is the OODA Loop introduced by Colonel John Boyd that describe how combatants observe a situation, orient themselves, decide what to do, and act, before observing the changed situation and moving through the entire loop again. Viewing combat as a series of successive loops underscores the importance of reassessment and readjustment as circumstances change, and the cumulative benefits of many small wins in successive iterations. Boyd’s OODA loop is a vivid example of an iterative loop to guide action under uncertainty and much can be learned from its study.

I am not advocating thinking of your customer in the sense of a combatant as the OODA Loop suggest. However, the strength in the OODA loop is the series of successive loops and small wins that is introduced. Few homeruns are in the market place today. It is more of a singles and doubles game. In fact, few of us can afford the strikeouts and must maintain a high enough batting average to survive.

PDCA is the fundamental concept behind Lean thinking. It is not just a problem solving method but a holistic approach to knowledge creation and improvement within an organization.  Establishing a PDCA culture within your company will enable you to embrace this way of thinking with your customers and prospects. It will develop an outside-in approach to your organization that will allow you to really understand your role with customers and in the markets they participate in.

Seldom do you find a competitive advantage or a real break through in a service or product. If you do, it is only short-lived and commoditized rather quickly. The leverage it brings is an influx of innovative customers that are willing to be risk takers, the early adaptors. People that you can learn from and develop new knowledge and new products. PDCA allows for them to enter your cycle of learning easily and allows you to maximize that new knowledge.

The only competitive advantage that you have is in how quickly you develop new knowledge. Maximizing that through the use of PDCA is essential for your business survival.

This is why I believe the Future of Marketing is Lean!

Related Information:
Why does sales and marketing operate to a different quality standard?
The Future of Marketing is Lean
Why Lean Marketing? Because it is the Future of Marketing …
PDCA for Lean Marketing, Knowledge Creation
Lean Marketing Creates Knowledge for the Customer
The Strategy of the Fighter Pilot Revisited
Key Marketing Concepts from the Korean War
Applying the OODA Loop to Lean

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